Experimental research on aero-propulsion coupling characteristics of a distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft use multiple electric motors to drive the propulsors, which gives potential benefits to aerodynamic-propulsion interaction. To investigate and quantify the aerodynamic-propulsion interaction effect of the wing section, we built a DEP demonstrator with 24 “high-lift” Electric Ducted Fans (EDFs) distributed along the wing’s trailing edge. This paper explores and compares the aero-propulsion coupling characteristics under various upstream speed, throttle, and EDF mounting surface deflection angles using a series of wind tunnel tests. We compare various lift-augmentation power conditions to the clean configuration without propulsion unit under the experiment condition of 15–25 m/s freestream flow and angles of attack from ?4° to 16°. The comparison of computational results to the experimental results verifies the effectiveness of the computational fluid dynamic analysis method and the modeling method for the DEP configuration. The results show that the EDFs can produce significant lift increment and drag reduction simultaneously, which is accordant with the potential benefit of Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) at low airspeed.     

镀铬对8Cr4Mo4V 钢疲劳行为的影响

为研究吞鸟对涡轴发动机的影响，进行了3次吞鸟试验。在试验中，由气体炮将鸟射入发动机进气道，采用高速摄影仪 记录鸟的运行轨迹和撞击部位及试验件形变过程。试验数据表明：在吞鸟过程中发动机各参数均大幅波动，持续时间约为3~4 s， 波动过后，功率恢复时间约为5~9 s，各参数达到最终状态时间约为90~95 s；试验后发动机性能有衰减现象，清洗后有所恢复。经 孔探和分解检查可知：鸟的残骸主要部分未进入发动机主流道，第1 级压气机叶片卷曲变形。     

Numerical simulation method of surge experiments on gas turbine engines

In order to obtain the surge margin of an aero-engine during its operation, an engine surge experiment is required. A multi-dimensional simulation method for an aero-engine is established in this paper. The simulation of a surge experiment using high-pressure air-injection is then carried out on a turbo-shaft engine to obtain the surge boundary using this method. More specifically, firstly, a body-force model is employed to calculate the compressor performance owing to its capability of capturin...     

Digital twin model of gas turbine and its application in warning of performance fault

The digital twin-driven performance model provides an attractive option for the warn gas-path faults of the gas turbines. However, three technical difficulties need to be solved: (1) low modeling precision caused by individual differences between gas turbines, (2) poor solution efficiency due to excessive iterations, and (3) the false alarm and missing alarm brought by the traditional fixed threshold method. This paper proposes a digital twin model-based early warning method for gas-path faults that breaks through the above obstacles from three aspects. Firstly, a novel performance modeling strategy is proposed to make the simulation effect close to the actual gas turbine by fusing the mechanism model and measurement data. Secondly, the idea of controlling the relative accuracy of model parameters is developed. The introduction of an error module to the existing model can greatly shorten the modeling cycle. The third solution focuses on the early warning based on the digital twin model, which self-learns the alarm threshold of the warning feature of gas-path parameters using the kernel density estimation. The proposed method is utilized to analyze actual measured data of LM2500 +, and the results verify that the new-built digital model has higher accuracy and better efficiency. The comparisons show that the proposed method shows evident superiority in early warning of performance faults for gas turbines over other methods.     

某型涡轴发动机吞鸟试验及验证

为研究吞鸟对涡轴发动机的影响,进行了3次吞鸟试验。在试验中,由气体炮将鸟射入发动机进气道,采用高速摄影仪记录鸟的运行轨迹和撞击部位及试验件形变过程。试验数据表明:在吞鸟过程中发动机各参数均大幅波动,持续时间约为3~4 s,波动过后,功率恢复时间约为5~9 s,各参数达到最终状态时间约为90~95 s;试验后发动机性能有衰减现象,清洗后有所恢复。经孔探和分解检查可知:鸟的残骸主要部分未进入发动机主流道,第1级压气机叶片卷曲变形。     

纳米隔热材料的热导率变化规律

为认识和掌握纳米隔热材料的热导率变化规律,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源、炭黑为遮光剂、石英纤维为增强体,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺结合超临界干燥技术制备了纳米隔热材料,并采用热导率测试仪、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM、激光粒度仪对材料进行了表征。测试结果表明:未添加炭黑的材料常压热导率随表观密度的变化以203 kg/m~3为分界点,分界点之前随表观密度的增大线性降低,分界点之后则随表观密度的增大线性升高,并且后一阶段较前一阶段变化快。孔隙率相同时,常压热导率随炭黑含量的增加先降低后稍有升高,极限真空热导率逐渐降低,而常压条件下的气相热导率增大。在半对数坐标系中,气相热导率随环境气压的下降而降低,并且依据降低速率可以划分为三个阶段,101.325～30 kPa之间下降最快,且变化值约为6 mW/(m·K);30～0.1 kPa之间下降较快,且变化值约为2 mW/(m·K);0.1～0.01 kPa之间下降最慢,且基本可以忽略不计。材料常压热导率最低值为16.62 mW/(m·K),添加5wt%的炭黑后可以进一步降低至14.50 mW/(m·K)。     

复合材料气瓶热防护材料隔热性能试验研究

以复合材料气瓶热防护材料的耐高温及隔热性能为研究对象，通过真空舱模拟上面级飞行段的真空环境，采用石英灯阵模拟热源，对两种热防护方案开展真空热试验，分析了不同材料（组合）、多层隔热组件不同单元的隔热性能及其差异产生的原因。结果表明两种防热方案都可使气瓶壁面温度满足不超过70 ℃的温度要求，其中“柔性隔热毡+中温多层”组合防热结构的耐温和隔热性能更优，并通过理论计算与试验值对比验证了热仿真计算中的不确定性，试验结果可为后续型号防热设计提供参考。     

铝内衬碳纤维缠绕复合气瓶自紧压力分析

应用解析计算的方法对铝内衬碳纤维全缠绕复合材料气瓶在内压情况下的弹塑性历程进行了分

析,推导并得到了气瓶的自紧压力,通过水压应变测试及疲劳试验的方法进一步验证了计算结果的合理性。经

对比分析,文中提到的计算方法可用于今后相似结构气瓶的自紧力计算。

     

动态负调约束下固体冲压发动机燃气流量控制算法研究

变流量固体冲压发动机工作过程中，常采用控制燃气发生器压强的方式调节燃气生成量，在跟踪变化压强指令过程中，流量会产生明显的负调现象，严重影响发动机系统的安全性和可靠性。为 解决这一问题，本文以具有高度非线性、强时变特性的燃气发生器系统为对象，构建了基于粒子群算法的流量调节自适应PI控制器，并给出一种利用自适应微分跟踪器对期望控制指令进行“整形”的负调改善算法；首先，结合负调发生、终止判据，综合考量系统流量安全裕度，负调发生方向，构建了适配于动态负调约束的自适应跟踪微分器（TD），克服了传统跟踪微分器在负调抑制过程中控制精度不高，指向性不强等缺陷；进一步，开展了多工况下的负调抑制算法仿真校验，结果表明：所设计自适应控制算法具备良好的燃气流量控制能力，可实现在基本不改变响应时间情况下，将最大负调量削减56.6%的控制效果，展现出良好的工程应用前景。     

气体压力对铝基体上氮化铝薄膜残余应力的影响

利用阴极溅射方法在铝合金表面沉积氮化铝薄膜，利用Ｘ射线研究了沉积过程中气体压力的变化对氮化铝薄膜结晶的择优取向及薄膜内应力的影响。结果表明：在较低压力沉积的氮化铝薄膜有良好的择优取向性；氮化铝薄膜残余应力为压应力，且随气体压力增加而逐渐变化。